Andreas Kotsadam

“Mining and local corruption in Sub-Saharan Africa” 

Conditionally accepted, American Journal of Political Science. Working paper. Revised Version , Online appendix. With Eivind Hammersmark Olsen, Carl Henrik Knutsen, and Tore Wig. 2016

• Cools, Sara; Flatø, Martin & Kotsadam, Andreas (2020). Jobs and Intimate Partner Violence - Evidence from a Field Experiment in Ethiopia. Journal of Peace Research.  ISSN 0022-3433.
• Cools, Sara; Flatø, Martin & Kotsadam, Andreas (2020). Rainfall shocks and intimate partner violence in sub-Saharan Africa. Journal of Peace Research.  ISSN 0022-3433.  57(3), s 377- 390 . doi: 10.1177/0022343319880252 Show summary

  Global climate change makes extreme precipitation events likely to become more frequent and intense in large parts of Africa. We study the effect of rainfall shocks on intimate partner violence in sub-Saharan Africa. The analysis shows the presence of spatial autocorrelation in rainfall shocks, which compromises the exogeneity of rainfall shocks in many applications. We correct for the autocorrelation using spatial polynomials. In particular, we use three different estimation strategies. We first use the complete cross-sectional sample to analyze whether recent droughts are correlated with respondents’ experience with intimate partner violence during the last year. We then use the nine countries with repeated surveys to construct a repeated cross-section analysis at the grid level. Finally, we use event history analysis on a time series constructed from the information provided by the abused women about when the violence first took place. We find no robust evidence that droughts increase intimate partner violence. Potential explanations are that the rainfall shocks do not affect spouses’ power, or that the slow onset of the droughts allows for a calmer response to the crisis. We contribute to the wider literature on climate and conflict as many of the mechanisms, economic and psychological, that link climate to violence apply to both intimate partner violence and organized violence.

• Finseraas, Henning; Kotsadam, Andreas & Polavieja, Javier (2020). Ancestry Culture, Assimilation, and Voter Turnout in Two Generations. Political Behavior.  ISSN 0190-9320. . doi: 10.1007/s11109-020-09617-2
• Aalen, Lovise; Kotsadam, Andreas & Villanger, Espen (2019). Family Law Reform, Employment, and Women's Political Participation in Ethiopia. Social Politics: International Studies in Gender, State and Society.  ISSN 1072-4745.  26(2), s 299- 323 . doi: 10.1093/sp/jxz010
• Benshaul-Tolonen, Anja; Chuhan-Pole, Punam; Dabalen, Andrew; Kotsadam, Andreas & Sanoh, Aly (2019). The local socioeconomic effects of gold mining: Evidence from Ghana. The Extractive Industries and Society.  ISSN 2214-790X.  6(4), s 1234- 1255 . doi: 10.1016/j.exis.2019.07.008
• Finseraas, Henning; Hanson, Torbjørn; Johnsen, Åshild Auglænd; Kotsadam, Andreas & Torsvik, Gaute (2019). Trust, ethnic diversity, and personal contact: A field experiment. Journal of Public Economics.  ISSN 0047-2727.  173, s 72- 84 . doi: 10.1016/j.jpubeco.2019.02.002 Full text in Research Archive.
• Knutsen, Tora Kjærnes & Kotsadam, Andreas (2019). The political economy of aid allocation: Aid and incumbency at the local level in Sub Saharan Africa. World Development.  ISSN 0305-750X.  127 . doi: 10.1016/j.worlddev.2019.104729
• Kotsadam, Andreas & Østby, Gudrun (2019). Armed conflict and maternal mortality: A micro-level analysis of sub-Saharan Africa, 1989?2013. Social Science and Medicine.  ISSN 0277-9536.  239 . doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2019.112526
• Isaksson, Ann-Sofie & Kotsadam, Andreas (2018). Chinese aid and local corruption. Journal of Public Economics.  ISSN 0047-2727.  159, s 146- 159 . doi: 10.1016/j.jpubeco.2018.01.002
• Kotsadam, Andreas; Østby, Gudrun; Rustad, Siri Camilla Aas; Tollefsen, Andreas Forø & Urdal, Henrik (2018). Development aid and infant mortality. Micro-level evidence from Nigeria. World Development.  ISSN 0305-750X.  105, s 59- 69 . doi: 10.1016/j.worlddev.2017.12.022 Show summary

  While there is a vast literature studying the effects of official development aid (ODA) on economic growth, there are far fewer comparative studies addressing how aid affects health outcomes. Furthermore, while much attention has been paid to country-level effects of aid, there is a clear knowledge gap in the literature when it comes to systematic studies of aid effectiveness below the country-level. Addressing this gap, we undertake what we believe is the first systematic attempt to study how ODA affects infant mortality at the subnational level. We match new geographic aid data from the AidData on the precise location, type, and time frame of bilateral and multilateral aid projects in Nigeria with available georeferenced survey data from five Nigerian Demographic and Health Surveys. Using quasi-experimental approaches, with mother fixed-effects, we are able to control for a vast number of unobserved factors that may otherwise be spuriously correlated with both infant mortality and ODA. The results indicate very clearly that geographical proximity to active aid projects reduces infant mortality. Moreover, aid contributes to reduce systematic inter-group, or horizontal, inequalities in a setting where such differences loom large. In particular, we find that aid more effectively reduces infant mortality in less privileged groups like children of Muslim women, and children living in rural, and in Muslim-dominated areas. Finally, there is evidence that aid projects are established in areas that on average have lower infant mortality than non-aid locations, suggesting that there are biases resulting in aid not necessarily reaching those populations in greatest need.

• Østby, Gudrun; Urdal, Henrik; Tollefsen, Andreas Forø; Kotsadam, Andreas; Belbo, Ragnhild & M. Ormhaug, Christin (2018). Organized violence and institutional child delivery: Micro-level evidence from Sub-Saharan Africa, 1989–2014. Demography.  ISSN 0070-3370.  s 1- 22 . doi: 10.1007/s13524-018-0685-4 Full text in Research Archive.
• Isaksson, Ann-Sofie & Kotsadam, Andreas (2018). Racing to the bottom? Chinese development projects and trade union involvement in Africa. World Development.  ISSN 0305-750X.  106, s 284- 298 . doi: 10.1016/j.worlddev.2018.02.003
• Cools, Sara & Kotsadam, Andreas (2017). Resources and Intimate Partner Violence in Sub-Saharan Africa. World Development.  ISSN 0305-750X.  95, s 211- 230 . doi: 10.1016/j.worlddev.2017.02.027 Full text in Research Archive. Show summary

  Combining DHS data for 580,000 women from 30 different countries in Sub-Saharan Africa, we analyze how both the incidence and the acceptance of intimate partner violence vary across time and space, in a region with record high levels of violence against women. We review the existing literature regarding the impact of resources on intimate partner violence, extracting testable and often conflicting hypotheses at the micro and macro level, and on the interaction across levels. We propose to extend existing theory to take into account attitudes at the community level. In the empirical analysis, we find no evidence that resources protect against abuse at the individual level, although resources are associated with lower acceptance. We find that resource inequality, both within the house- hold and at the aggregate level, is associated with more abuse. Finally, we find that employed women face greater risk of abuse in com- munities with relatively higher acceptance of wife-beating.

• Finseraas, Henning & Kotsadam, Andreas (2017). Ancestry Culture and Female Employment - An Analysis Using Second-Generation Siblings. European Sociological Review.  ISSN 0266-7215.  33(3), s 382- 392 . doi: 10.1093/esr/jcx048 Full text in Research Archive.
• Finseraas, Henning & Kotsadam, Andreas (2017). Does personal contact with ethnic minorities affect anti-immigrant sentiments? Evidence from a field experiment. European Journal of Political Research.  ISSN 0304-4130.  56(3), s 703- 722 . doi: 10.1111/1475-6765.12199 Full text in Research Archive. Show summary

  This article explores the causal effect of personal contact with ethnic minorities on majority members’ views on immigration, immigrants’ work ethics, and support for lower social assistance benefits to immigrants than to natives. Exogenous variation in personal contact is obtained by randomising soldiers into different rooms during the basic training period for conscripts in the Norwegian Army's North Brigade. Based on contact theory of majority–minority relations, the study spells out why the army can be regarded as an ideal contextual setting for exposure to reduce negative views on minorities. The study finds a substantive effect of contact on views on immigrants’ work ethics, but small and insignificant effects on support for welfare dualism, as well as on views on whether immigration makes Norway a better place in which to live.

• Knutsen, Carl Henrik; Kotsadam, Andreas; Olsen, Eivind Hammersmark & Wig, Tore (2017). Mining and Local Corruption in Africa. American Journal of Political Science.  ISSN 0092-5853.  61(2), s 320- 334 . doi: 10.1111/ajps.12268 Full text in Research Archive.
• Kotsadam, Andreas; Østby, Gudrun & Rustad, Siri Camilla Aas (2017). Structural change and wife abuse: A disaggregated study of mineral mining and domestic violence in sub-Saharan Africa, 1999-2013. Political Geography.  ISSN 0962-6298.  56, s 53- 65 . doi: 10.1016/j.polgeo.2016.11.004
• Jakobsson, Niklas & Kotsadam, Andreas (2016). Does marriage affect men’s labor market outcomes? A European perspective. Review of Economics of the Household.  ISSN 1569-5239.  14(2), s 373- 389 . doi: 10.1007/s11150-013-9224-7
• Kirkebøen, Lars Johannnessen; Kotsadam, Andreas & Raaum, Oddbjørn (2016). Effekter av satsing på økt lærertetthet. Økonomiske analyser.  ISSN 0800-4110.  (5), s 42- 49
• Kotsadam, Andreas & Jakobsson, Niklas (2016). The Economics of Trafficking for Sexual Exploitation, In Scott Cunnigham & Manisha Shah (ed.),  The Oxford Handbook of the Economics of Prostitution.  Oxford University Press.  ISBN 9780199915248.  Kapittel 21.  s 461 - 481
• Kotsadam, Andreas & Tolonen, Anja (2016). African Mining, Gender, and Local Employment. World Development.  ISSN 0305-750X.  83, s 325- 339 . doi: 10.1016/j.worlddev.2016.01.007
• Finseraas, Henning; Johnsen, Åshild Auglænd; Kotsadam, Andreas & Torsvik, Gaute (2016). Exposure to female colleagues breaks the glass ceiling— Evidence from a combined vignette and field experiment. European Economic Review.  ISSN 0014-2921.  90, s 363- 374 . doi: 10.1016/j.euroecorev.2015.11.010 Show summary

  We study discrimination among recruits in the Norwegian Armed Forces during boot camp. In a vignette experiment female candidates are perceived as less suited to be squad leaders than their identical male counterparts. Adding positive information leads to higher evaluations of the candidates, but does not reduce the amount of discrimination. However, randomized intense collaborative exposure to female colleagues reduces discriminatory attitudes: Male soldiers who were randomly assigned to share room and work in a squad with female soldiers during the recruit period do not discriminate in the vignette experiment.

• Jakobsson, Niklas; Kotsadam, Andreas; Syse, Astri & Øien, Henning (2016). Gender bias in public long-term care? A survey experiment among care managers. Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization.  ISSN 0167-2681.  131, s 126- 138 . doi: 10.1016/j.jebo.2015.09.004 Full text in Research Archive.
• Heise, Lori L & Kotsadam, Andreas (2015). Cross-national and multilevel correlates of partner violence: An analysis of data from population-based surveys. The Lancet Global Health.  ISSN 2214-109X.  3(6), s e332- e340 . doi: 10.1016/S2214-109X(15)00013-3
• Jakobsson, Niklas & Kotsadam, Andreas (2014). Shame on you John! Laws, stigmatization, and the demand for sex. European Journal of Law and Economics.  ISSN 0929-1261.  37(3), s 393- 404 . doi: 10.1007/s10657-012-9339-y
• Flatø, Martin & Kotsadam, Andreas (2014). Droughts and Gender Bias in Infant Mortality in Sub-Saharan Africa. Memorandum from Department of Economics, University of Oslo.  ISSN 0809-8786.  2
• Isaksson, Ann-Sofie; Kotsadam, Andreas & Nerman, Måns (2014). The Gender Gap in African Political Participation: Testing Theories of Individual and Contextual Determinants. Journal of Development Studies.  ISSN 0022-0388.  50(2), s 302- 318 . doi: 10.1080/00220388.2013.833321
• Jakobsson, Niklas & Kotsadam, Andreas (2013). The law and economics of international sex slavery: prostitution laws and trafficking for sexual exploitation. European Journal of Law and Economics.  ISSN 0929-1261.  35(1), s 87- 107 . doi: 10.1007/s10657-011-9232-0
• Jakobsson, Niklas; Kotsadam, Andreas & Jakobsson, Siri Støre (2013). Attitudes Toward Same-Sex Marriage: The Case of Scandinavia. Journal of Homosexuality.  ISSN 0091-8369.  60(9), s 1349- 1360 . doi: 10.1080/00918369.2013.806191
• Jakobsson, Niklas; Kotsadam, Andreas & Levin, Minna (2013). Gender and Overconfidence: Effects of Context, Gendered Stereotypes, and Peer Group. Advances in Applied Sociology.  ISSN 2165-4328.  3(2), s 137- 141 . doi: 10.4236/aasoci.2013.32018
• Jakobsson, Niklas; Kotsadam, Andreas & Szebehely, Marta (2013). Informal eldercare and care for disabled children in the Nordic countries: prevalence and relation to employment. Nordic Journal of Social Research.  ISSN 1892-2783.  4(1), s 1- 30
• Finseraas, Henning & Kotsadam, Andreas (2013). Hvordan identifisere årsakssammenhenger i ikke-eksperimentelle data? En ikke-teknisk introduksjon. Tidsskrift for samfunnsforskning.  ISSN 0040-716X.  54(3), s 371- 387 Full text in Research Archive.
• Kotsadam, Andreas & Finseraas, Henning (2013). Causal Effects of Parental Leave on Adolescents' Household Work. Social Forces.  ISSN 0037-7732.  92(1), s 329- 351 . doi: 10.1093/sf/sot044 Full text in Research Archive.
• Andersson, Lisa; Jakobsson, Niklas & Kotsadam, Andreas (2012). A Field Experiment of Discrimination in the Norwegian Housing Market: Gender, Class, and Ethnicity. Land Economics.  ISSN 0023-7639.  88(2), s 233- 240
• Finseraas, Henning; Jakobsson, Niklas & Kotsadam, Andreas (2012). The Gender Gap in Political Preferences: An Empirical Test of a Political Economy Explanation. Social Politics: International Studies in Gender, State and Society.  ISSN 1072-4745.  19(2), s 219- 242 . doi: 10.1093/sp/jxs005
• Jakobsson, Niklas; Hansen, Thomas & Kotsadam, Andreas (2012). Er det en sammenheng mellom formell og uformell omsorg i Norge?. Tidsskrift for velferdsforskning.  ISSN 0809-2052.  15(3), s 168- 175
• Kotsadam, Andreas (2012). The employment costs of caregiving in Norway. International Journal of Health Care Finance and Economics.  ISSN 1389-6563.  12(4), s 269- 283 . doi: 10.1007/s10754-012-9116-z
• Kotsadam, Andreas & Jakobsson, Niklas (2012). Uformell eldreomsorg - et hinder for kvinner på arbeidsmarkedet? :. Søkelys på arbeidslivet.  ISSN 1504-8004.  29(1/2), s 97- 110
• Dahlbom, L; Jakobsson, A; Jakobsson, Niklas & Kotsadam, Andreas (2011). Gender and overconfidence: are girls really overconfident?. Applied Economics Letters.  ISSN 1350-4851.  18(4), s 325- 327 . doi: 10.1080/13504851003670668
• Finseraas, Henning; Jakobsson, Niklas & Kotsadam, Andreas (2011). Did the Murder of Theo van Gogh Change Europeans' Immigration Policy Preferences?. Kyklos (Basel).  ISSN 0023-5962.  64(3), s 396- 409 . doi: 10.1111/j.1467-6435.2011.00512.x
• Jakobsson, Niklas & Kotsadam, Andreas (2011). Do laws affect attitudes? An assessment of the Norwegian prostitution law using longitudinal data. International Review of Law and Economics.  ISSN 0144-8188.  31(2), s 103- 115 . doi: 10.1016/j.irle.2011.03.001
• Jakobsson, Niklas & Kotsadam, Andreas (2011). Gender Equity and Prostitution: An Investigation of Attitudes in Norway and Sweden. Feminist Economics.  ISSN 1354-5701.  17(1), s 31- 58 . doi: 10.1080/13545701.2010.541863
• Kotsadam, Andreas (2011). Does informal eldercare impede women's employment? The case of European welfare states. Feminist Economics.  ISSN 1354-5701.  17(2), s 121- 144
• Kotsadam, Andreas & Finseraas, Henning (2011). The state intervenes in the battle of the sexes: Causal effects of paternity leave. Social Science Research.  ISSN 0049-089X.  40(6), s 1611- 1622 . doi: 10.1016/j.ssresearch.2011.06.011
• Jakobsson, Lars Niklas & Kotsadam, Andreas (2010). Do attitudes toward gender equality really differ between Norway and Sweden?. Journal of European Social Policy.  ISSN 0958-9287.  20 . doi: ISI:000277390700004

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• Somville, Vincent; Kotsadam, Andreas; Andersen, Asbjørn; Getahun, Tigabu Degu; Villanger, Espen & Franklin, Simon (2019). Endogenous Redistributive Preferences - Evidence from an Ethiopian Housing Lottery.
• Bratsberg, Bernt; Kotsadam, Andreas; Lind, Jo Thori; Mehlum, Halvor & Raaum, Oddbjørn (2019). Election Turnout Inequality Insights from Administrative Registers cesifo Working Paper no. 7465.
• Kotsadam, Andreas; Østby, Gudrun; Rustad, Siri Camilla Aas; Tollefsen, Andreas Forø & Urdal, Henrik (2018). Does Aid Reduce Infant Mortality? Local-Level Evidence from Nigeria. Conflict Trends (Oslo). 2.
• Lind, Jo Thori; Bjelland, Johannes; Kotsadam, Andreas; Reme, Bjørn-Atle & Sundsøy, Pål Roe (2018). Quantifying socio-economic segregation in in large-scale social networks using mobile phone metadata.
• Lind, Jo Thori; Kotsadam, Andreas & Modalsli, Jørgen Heibø (2018). Call the midwife: Health personnel and mortality in Norway 1887-1921.
• Rustad, Siri Camilla Aas; Hoelscher, Kristian; Kotsadam, Andreas; Østby, Gudrun & Urdal, Henrik (2018). Political Exclusion, Group Inequality and Aid Distribution. Conflict Trends (Oslo). 9.
• Lind, Jo Thori; Bjelland, Johannes; Kotsadam, Andreas; Reme, Bjørn-Atle & Sundsøy, Pål Roe (2018). Quantifying socio-economic segregation in in large-scale social networks using mobile phone metadata (.
• Østby, Gudrun; Urdal, Henrik; Tollefsen, Andreas Forø; Kotsadam, Andreas; Belbo, Ragnhild & M. Ormhaug, Christin (2018). How Does Organized Violence Affect the Chances of Giving Birth at a Health Facility?. Conflict Trends. 8.
• Kirkebøen, Lars Johannnessen; Kotsadam, Andreas; Raaum, Oddbjørn; Andresen, Silje & Rogstad, Jon Christian (2017). Effekter av satsing på økt lærertetthet på ungdomstrinnet. Rapporter / Statistisk sentralbyrå. 2017/39. Show summary

  Høsten 2012 bevilget Stortinget 1,5 milliarder kroner over fire år til 600 nye lærerstillinger på ungdomstrinnet. Denne rapporten studerer effekter på ressursbruk, læringsutbytte og læringsmiljø, samt gir en beskrivelse av hvordan tiltaket er gjennomført og oppleves av involverte rektorer, lærere og elever. Effektevalueringen studerer skolenes ressursbruk og elevenes læringsutbytte ved hjelp av registerdata, samt læringsmiljøet målt ved Elevundersøkelsen. Vi finner en klar effekt på skolenes lærertetthet. Gjennomsnittlig gruppestørrelse i ordinær undervisning er redusert med omtrent to elever, eller omtrent 10 prosent. Dette samsvarer med hva vi venter utfra de ekstra lærerne skolene får tilført. Det er ingen tegn til effekter på assistentbruk, spesialundervisning eller særskilt språkopplæring eller til omfordeling av andre ressurser mellom skoler eller trinn. Vi finner ingen signifikante effekter på elevenes læringsutbytte, verken på karakterer ved avsluttet grunnskole, nasjonale prøver på 9. trinn, fravær eller tidlige mål på gjennomstrømning i videregående opplæring.

• Kotsadam, Andreas; Lind, Jo Thori & Modalsli, Jørgen Heibø (2017). Call the Midwife: Health Personnel and Mortality in Norway 1887-1921.
• Kotsadam, Andreas; Lind, Jo Thori & Modalsli, Jørgen Heibø (2017). Call the midwife: Health personnel and mortality in Norway 1887-1921.
• Kotsadam, Andreas; Lind, Jo Thori & Modalsli, Jørgen Heibø (2017). Call the midwife: Health personnel and mortality in Norway 1887-1921.
• Nordvik, Viggo & Kotsadam, Andreas (2016). The inequality of opportunity within Oslo.
• Finseraas, Henning & Kotsadam, Andreas (2015). Does Personal Contact with Ethnic Minorites Affect Support for Welfare Dualism? Evidence from a Field Experiment.
• Knutsen, Carl Henrik; Kotsadam, Andreas; Olsen, Eivind Hammersmark & Wig, Tore (2015). Mining and Local Corruption in Africa.
• Belbo, Ragnhild; Østby, Gudrun; Urdal, Henrik; Tollefsen, Andreas Forø; Kotsadam, Andreas & M. Ormhaug, Christin (2015). Armed conflict and maternal health care Micro-level evidence from Sub-Saharan Africa..
• Flatø, Martin & Kotsadam, Andreas (2015). Droughts and Gender Bias in Infant Mortality in Sub-Saharan Africa. Show summary

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• Mitra, Anirban; Jensenius, Francesca R. & Kotsadam, Andreas (2015). Do Parties Matter at the Sub-district Level of Politics? Evidence from Tehsils in Andhra Pradesh.
• Finseraas, Henning & Kotsadam, Andreas (2014). Culture and Female Labour Supply.
• Flatø, Martin & Kotsadam, Andreas (2014). Droughts and Gender Bias in Infant Mortality in Sub-Saharan Africa.
• Flatø, Martin & Kotsadam, Andreas (2014). Droughts and Gender Bias in Infant Mortality in Sub-Saharan Africa.
• Flatø, Martin & Kotsadam, Andreas (2014). Droughts and Gender Bias in Infant Mortality in Sub-Saharan Africa.
• Flatø, Martin; Kotsadam, Andreas & Cools, Sara (2014). Weather Shocks and Violence Against Women in Sub-Saharan Africa.
• Hernæs, Øystein Marianssønn; Jakobsson, Niklas & Kotsadam, Andreas (2014). Prostitution. Demand and Supply of, In Jûrgen Georg Backhaus (ed.),  Encyclopedia of Law and Economics.  Springer.  ISBN 978-1-4614-7883-6.  Kapittel.  s 1 - 6
• Kotsadam, Andreas; Almås, Ingvild & Johnsen, Åshild Auglænd (2014). Poverty in China as Seen from Outer Space. Memorandum from Department of Economics, University of Oslo. 11.
• Kotsadam, Andreas & Nerman, Måns (2014). The Effects of Gender Quotas in Latin American National Elections. University of Gothenburg, Working papers. 528. Show summary

  This study investigates the effects of gender quotas in national elections on political participation, public policy, and corruption in Latin America. We are able to replicate the findings from previous research that women in politics do affect these outcomes, but only when we treat the number of women in parliament as exogenous. We argue, however, that the introduction of gender quotas caused an – in this context – exogenous increase in women’s representation, and while we find that quotas in Latin America increased the number of women in parliament, we find no substantial effects beyond mere representation. The mechanisms for these findings are scrutinized, and we find no indications that quota women are more marginalized than other elected women in Latin American parliaments. Hence, increasing women’s representation by means of gender quotas may not result in the same outcomes as an increased representation in non-quota elections.

• Lind, Jo Thori; Kotsadam, Andreas & Modalsli, Jørgen Heibø (2014). Lessons from the early Norwegian welfare state.
• Johnsen, Åshild Auglænd; Almås, Ingvild & Kotsadam, Andreas (2013). Illuminating poverty in China by Night-time Light.
• Kotsadam, Andreas & Tolonen, Anja (2013). Mineral Mining and Female Employment.
• Ugreninov, Elisabeth; Kotsadam, Andreas & Finseraas, Henning (2012). “The Long-Term Effect of Parental Leave on Mothers’ Earnings”.
• Urgreninov, Elisabeth; Finseraas, Henning & Kotsadam, Andreas (2011). The long-term effect of parental leave on mothers’ earnings.

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